This paper presents some introduction to the derivation of the optimum discrete compensator for the discrete-continuous sampled data control system by means of the modified z-transform.
A generalized and convenient expression for the discrete power spectral density is introduced in order to solve the complicated problems of the discrete-continuous systems. The idea of the modified z-transform with a fictitious advance is adopted in order to keep the symmetry with the modified z-transform in ordinary sense. In addition, the meaning and the importance of the modified z-transform of the power spectral density is explained.

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Heat Exchangers are often used in an array which constitutes a different type of exchanger. For the automatic control of such an array, dynamic response knowledge is an important factor to obtain the necessary information to the fullest extent.
Various combinations of heat exchangers are discussed through the use of lumped systems and frequency responses of typical series-series, series-parallel, parallel-seris and cambined types for the pure parallel-and counterflow exchangers are shown.

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