Forests hold significant ecological value due to their contributions to biodiversity preservation, carbon cycling, climate regulation, hydrological balance, soil protection, prevention of erosion, resource provisioning, eco-tourism, and cultural enrichment. These values not only influence the ecosystems themselves but are also intricately connected to human society’s development and well-being. However, with the ongoing rise in global temperatures, the impact of climate change on forests is becoming increasingly apparent, presenting formidable challenges. In recent years, this subject has gained prominence in global research, prompting profound investigations into the multifaceted effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. This paper aims to comprehensively review the latest advancements in this domain, delving into how climate change influences the structure, functionality, and biodiversity of forest ecosystems. The insights presented herein offer valuable guidance towards achieving sustainable development objectives.