With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, the complex and critical field of oilfield reservoir characterization has welcomed innovative solutions. This paper explores the application of AI in reservoir characterization. First, it introduces the basic concepts of reservoir characterization and the challenges of traditional methods. Then, it delves into how AI technology optimizes data integration, enhances the accuracy of geological and geophysical data interpretation, predicts key reservoir parameters, constructs and simulates 3D geological models, conducts parameter sensitivity analysis and risk assessment, and provides decision support for real-time monitoring and optimization. Through multiple case studies, the paper demonstrates the significant impact of AI technology in improving the accuracy and efficiency of reservoir characterization. Finally, the paper looks forward to the future development trends and challenges of AI in reservoir characterization, aiming to provide valuable insights for research and practice in this field.